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History of: SM Entertaiment (1989~1995)
So here I am back with another update. I got this one out quick because I was already almost done with it. The next one should take a bit longer. This covers up until 2000 and sees SM really hit their stride into the Idol scene. However as you will see this does not mean that SM only sticks to IDOL music as they debut several soloist and bands of varying genres.
Part 2: The SM Entertainment Empire Part 1, 1996-2000
With the founding of SM Entertainment and the creation of the in-house idol system Lee Soo-man began to look around for new talent and an audience for said talent. The clearest audience was teenagers and to find out exactly what this audience wanted, Lee Soo-man put out a survey to ask. The answer was simple, these teenagers, mostly girls, wanted boys that could sing, dance and at the same time be very good looking. With this, Soo-man set out looking for such young men to create a new group. This search was not only limited to Korea but extended to countries such as America and Japan. These new trainees would not only be trained in singing and dancing but also in how to appeal to the public with their personalities as well. These men would be takin into the SM system and trained how to be the perfect idols.
Lee Soo-man found his first successful candidate in Kangta or Ahn Chil-hyun. Kangta was found at the age of 13 by Lee Soo-man at Lotte World and thus was one of the first idols trained under the new system put in place by Lee Soo-man. He would begin his career with future group mate, Moon Hee-jun as back-up dancers for a recently signed SM artists known as Yoo Young-jin. Kangta and Moon Hee-jun would thus be the first members signed to SM Entertainment that would eventually be a part of the group known as H.O.T. The third member to join the group was the friend and singing partner of Moon Hee-jun named Lee Jae-won. The next member, Jang Woo-hyuk, caught the attention of Lee Soo-man after the former won first place at a dancing competition. Tony An was the last H.O.T member to join SM and was scouted by Lee Soo-man after auditioning for Lee in Los Angeles. Thus, all the members of the future group known as H.O.T were found and SM Entertainment would begin its road to success.
H.O.T
H.O.T (Highfive Of Teenagers) debuted in September of 1996 with their debut album, We Hate All Kinds of Violence, and the critique of bullying song “Descendants of Warriors,”. The song and album were an immediate hit selling over 1.5 million copies, 800,000 coming within 100 days of the album’s release. The group was a huge hit with teenage girls, which was SM’s and H.O.T’s targeted audience. The second promoted single on the album, “Candy”, cemented H.O.T’s massive popularity and would usher in a new era for SM Entertainment. While “Descendants of Warriors” was more a gangster rap song, “Candy” really highlighted the duality of the group as it had a more bubblegum pop sound. The groups fandom would be called Club H.O.T and their official color would be white. This was one of the first times a group would adopt fandoms names and official colors as a way to connect more with the fans and generate loyalty to the group. Another unique aspect of K-pop that H.O.T helped pioneer was the relegation of specific roles to each individual member. These roles would highlight their responsibilities in the group and become part of how they introduced themselves to the public. As the oldest Moon Hee-jun would become the leader of the group along with being the sub-vocal, rapper and lead dancer of the group. Jang Woo-hyuk would become the main dancer of the group as well as a rapper. Tony Ahn would become the a sub-vocal of the group as well as rapper. Gangta would serve as the main vocal of the group as well as the main visual. Finally, Jae-won would serve as the maknae, youngest member of the group, and rapper of the group. H.O.T further pioneered the individuality of each member by assigning each member a color and number from their second single “Candy”. Moon Hee-jun would be represented by the number 23 and the color yellow, Jang Woo-hyuk by the number 35 and the color blue, Tony Ahn by the number 07 and the color red, Gangta by the number 27 and the color green, and finally Jae-won by the number 48 and the color orange. By individualizing members in this way, SM Entertainment hoped that fans would choice one particular member to follow within the group and thus further cement their loyalty to the group as a whole. In these ways H.O.T really became the pioneer group for how all future K-pop groups would identify themselves both as a group and individually. The creation fandom name and color also would pioneer the attitude that would develop between fans and idols in K-pop.
H.O.T: We Hate All Kinds of Violence
H.O.T would be SM Entertainments first big hit and skyrocket the fortunes of the company, with H.O.T winning Best New Artist at the Golden Disc Awards. H.O.T is important to K-pop history as they were really the first group put through the SM Academy system of Idol creating and thus the true parent idols of all modern K-pop idols. It was with them that the relationship between Idols and their fans was developed, with the idols having an image of almost perfection. Their success was doubly important because it showed Lee Soo-man and other competitors that this system could be successful and thus huge profits could be made from such a system. Thus, the immediate success of H.O.T forever changed the direction of the Korean Music industry.
Outside of H.O.T’s debut, SM Entertainment also released a string of solo artists in 1996 that showed promise for the companies solo activities. Yun Sang would open the year for SM Entertainment by releasing a non-regular album titled, Renacimiento. This album would be composed of multiple reorganized songs that Yun had worked on before his mandatory military enlistment and a couple of guest vocals by artists from various countries. The album would be geared towards a foreign audience and feature a wide range of genres including synthpop, ballad and techno. Kim Min-jong would follow with the release of his third album after returning to the music scene in over two years after a plagiarism controversy. His third album would be titled, Precious Child, and release on August of 1996. This album would be a huge hit selling roughly 650,000 physical copies. The title track of the same name would be a signature Min-jong ballad and continue to highlight his vocal skills. SM Entertainment would debut another artist this year named Lee Jee-hoon. Lee Jee-hoon would debut in November of 1996 with his album, Rhythm Paradise. His singles, “Why the Sky” and “My Own Bride” topped the charts and gained Lee Jee-hoon immediate fame. SM Entertainment continued their new push to make each artist unique by giving Lee jee-hoon the official color of blue and naming his fandom Camiel. With two successful debuts in 1996, SM Entertainment was looking to be entering their golden years and they sought to continue such success by putting out another group, this time a girl group.
Yun Sang
Lee Jee-hoon
Following the success of H.O.T, Lee Soo-man began to develop a girl group using the same system he used to create H.O.T. The first member of the future group known as S.E.S to join SM Entertainment was Bada or Choi Sung-hee. Bada grew up being interested in the entertainment industry and was known throughout her school for having a beautiful voice. In her first year of college, Bada auditioned for Deokyun Industry which was home to famous singers like Kim Gun-mo, but she did not get in. However, Bada was discovered by Soo-man in 1996 when he saw her singing at her performing arts school. Lee was immediately intrigued by Bada’s voice, she sang Mariah Carey’s “Hero” and, after a quick audition where she sang Jang Hye-jin’s “Naegeul”, signed her to a recording contract. Bada would train at SM Entertainment for around a year and six months into that training period she would be notified that she was to be the main vocalist for SM Entertainment’s new girl group and that Lee Soo-man was looking for a sub-vocalist for the group. Eugene, also known as Kim Yoo-jin,was born in Seoul but emigrated to Guam sometime after the fifth grade. Eugene grew up in Guam idolizing Korean culture such as K-dramas and K-pop groups like Seo Taiji and Boys along with her future labelmates H.O.T.. In February of 1997, Eugene was spotted by a manager of H.O.T who was in Guam with the group and, due to her amazing visuals, was asked to help interpret for the group. Eugene was encouraged to send in a tape and audition for SM Entertainment. Eugene passed with flying colors, this was in large part due to her winning personality. It was with this personality, and SM’s extreme focus on personality, that SM Executives decided that she had what it took to be a star and signed her as well. Eugene would make the final move to South Korea in June of 1997 and immediately start training to debut in S.E.S. Shoo, also known as Yoo Soo-young, was born to Korean and Japanese parents in Japan and she would be the last member to sign with SM and the only member to go through an official audition process. After these three members were found they were quickly put through a training process that involved singing, dancing and interview lessons. Lee Soo-man originally wanted to debut a four-member girl group but Bada, Eugene, and Shoo had grown accustomed to each other and wanted to debut in a three-member group in the same vein of the American girl group TLC. Lee Soo-man was originally reluctant to listen to their desires but eventually gave in and debuted S.E.S as a trio.
S.E.S
S.E.S (Sea, Eugene, Shoo) debuted in 1997 with their album, I’m Your Girl, which showed off an innocent image of the three women. The introduction of their debut song also included a rap by future Shinwa members, Eric Mun and Andy Lee. S.E.S’s debut was met with immediate success and they soon became one of the top selling K-pop acts. This first album by S.E.S sold roughly 600,000 physical copies making S.E.S one of the best-selling Korean female groups in the history of Korea. The title track, “I’m Your Girl”, was a huge hit and it was quickly followed by “Oh My Love” which was not as upbeat a song as “I’m Your Girl” and the girls were dressed in simple fashion such as white shirts. Like H.O.T and Lee Jee-hoon, S.E.S would also be given a color that would represent them and which would allow their fans to designate themselves as fans of S.E.S. Thus, purple became the official color of S.E.S and their fandom name was Friends. During this time H.O.T also released their second album, Wolf and Sheep, which saw even greater success than their first album, selling 1 million copies in ten days. During this era H.O.T received several plagiarism controversies due to their song “Happiness” and its similarity to a song called “A Lover’s Concerto” by Sarah Vaughan. H.O.T’s “We Are the Future” also had a plagiarism controversy but despite this the groups comeback did fantastic and placed first on several award shows. By this time H.O.T was a cultural phenomenon in Korea and their success furthered the rise of what would become known as fan culture. The fandom of H.O.T was called White Angel, their paid fandom was called Club H.O.T, and fans showed support for the group by holding white balloons.
S.E.S: I'm Your Girl
H.O.T: Wolf and Sheep
In this year besides S.E.S and H.O.T, Kim Min-jong released a best album titled Dream Comes True (Live Best). Though not a regular album, this album really showed the skill of Min-jong. Lee Jee Hoon released his second album in October of 1997 titled, Love and Forever. The title track of the album was a ballad titled, “Parting” and it would show its popularity by becoming the fourth ranked song in the country for K-pop. The 1997 Asian financial crisis hit the Korean music industry and would damage the music distribution market and groups would see an overall lowering of their album sales. This financial crisis and the popularization of IDOL groups began the push of K-pop into foreign markets like Japan and China.
The beginning of 1998 saw the continued success of SM groups H.O.T and S.E.S along with the arrival of a new SM group known as Shinwa. The success of Lee Soo-man’s last two groups, produced by the idol system, encouraged him to put out another group in a race with his competitors Daesung Enterprise (DSP Media) with Sechskies and FIN.K.L and DR Music with Baby V.O.X. Thus, Shinwa was created, Shinwa being the Korean word for myth or legend. The group began to be formed when Andy Lee, who was raised in America but finished his schooling in Seoul, was signed into SM Entertainment at the end of 1996. Andy was originally supposed to debut in H.O.T with his friend Tony An but his parents did not allow it. He would stay with SM however and feature in S.E.S’s debut album. Shin Hye-sung auditioned through Brothers Entertainment and was accepted by SM Entertainment and immediately placed in the lineup to debut as Shinwa. Eric Mun moved from America to Korea to become a trainee at SM Entertainment. Both Eric and Shin Hye-sung would join SM Entertainment in early 1997. Lee Min-woo was scouted after SM scouts saw him perform with his dance group, Dicky Ducky, as a student at Jeonju Fine Arts School; he was signed in the first half of 1997. The final two members to join, Jun Jin and Kim Dong-wan both went through the SM audition process and were soon after placed in Shinwa. Jun Jin was a notable dancer, being part of a dance group with actor Choi Philip, and would pass the audition process in the second half of 1997. Kim Dong-wan completed the formation of Shinwa when he was picked up by SM Entertainment after the closing of his previous company, World Music Entertainment. Kim Dong-wan was a known rock band vocalist and initially refused SM’s offer to debut as an idol but changed his mind when he met with the others members of Shinwa.
Shinwa
Shinwa debuted in May of 1998 with their debut album, Resolver, which was met with a lackluster chart performance and a critique by the public of being a carbon copy of their label mates H.O.T. Their title track, “Eusha! Eusha!” also caused controversy as it was a beach themed song that came out around the time of the 1998 Sokcho submarine incident. The incident occurred in June of 1998 when a North Korean submarine became entangled in a fishing net near the town of Sokcho, South Korea. A local fisherman notified the South Korean Navy which immediately towed the submarine to the nearest port, Donghae. However, all nine crewmen of the submarine died, five from murder and four from suicide. The lackluster performance and the submarine controversy almost caused the group to disband. The IMF crisis also limited the chances of a successful debut for the group. Overall the debut of Shinwa was a significant downturn in the fortunes of SM Entertainment groups after the immediate success of their previous two groups. Total sales for the groups debut would be roughly 30,000 to 50,000 physical units.[1] Shinwa would also follow the SM model and have an official color, Orange, and a fandom name, Shinwa Changjo. In this same year H.O.T continued their success with the release of their third album, Resurrection, which sold 1.1 million by the next year. This album was also special as it was the first album of H.O.T that contained songs that had contributions from H.O.T members; in total each member would participate in the creation of some nine songs. These songs were criticized as simple but it truly showed the growth as artists of the H.O.T members. This comeback wasn’t free of controversy as their song, “Line Up” produced by Yoo Young-jin was accused of plagiarizing “Killing in The Name” by Lazy August the Machine. The song “Hope” by Kangta was also involved in controversy but this was determined to be more sampling than a copying issue. Hope would become one of H.O.T’s premier songs and serve as an important song in the aftermath of the IMF crisis. H.O.T would also hold their first concert this year throughout the month of January. S.E.S also continued their success with their second album, Sea & Eugene & Shoo, which garnered attention not so much for its different style, as it continued their innocent concept, but because of the space look of the music video. The album would do commercially well selling 651,330 physical copies. SM also tried to break into the Japanese market with S.E.S with their debut single “The World I Met By Chance” in October of 1998. The group would begin their career in Japan by holding a concert in August of 1998 named S.E.S First Live in Tokyo. The concert would be a success with an attendance of 1,000. This single placed 37th on Oricon’s weekly chart with a total of 13,780 physical units sold. This was the highest rank ever achieved for a Korean act for idol groups. While pre-orders were said to be around 1 million, the total number of actual sales in estimated to be around 100,000. S.E.S would follow this up with the release of a Japanese remix of their debut title song, “I’m Your Girl”, in December of 1998. This album would sell roughly 3,090 physical units in its first week. This was quickly followed by the release of their second Japanese single album titled, Dreamily, in late December of 1998. This single place 83rd on Oricon’s weekly chart with 2,470 physical units sold. While the group had experienced a noticeably decline between singles, this was a decent start in their Japanese careers and S.E.S would be one of SM Entertainments pioneers into a foreign market.
Shinwa: Resolver
H.O.T: Ressurection
S.E.S: Sea & Eugene & Shoo
Yoon Sang also released an EP this year titled, “Insensible”. This album showed Yoon Sang’s signature synth pop style and this release would be considered one of his best during his time at SM Entertainment. Yoon Sang and SM Entertainment had a good deal where instead of years their contract would be based off albums. Thus, Yoon Sang would produce 4-5 full length albums and a project album with SM Entertainment and his contract would end. This was a great deal for both sides as Yoon Sang got the resources of SM Entertainment and SM Entertainment got to use Yoon Sang’s music and production. Kim Min-jong would release his fourth album titled, Child, in May of 1998. The two prominent singles off this track, “But You are My Eternal Love,” and “Good Love” would continue to highlight Min-jong’s strength of Ballad songs. This album would continue his major success physically as the album sold 550,000 units.[2]Lee Jee-hoon would release his third album titled, Man, in June of 1998. The title song of the album, “Goodbye love” would be Lee Jee-hoon’s signature ballad song and would continue to see his popularity increase. This year would also see the debut of SM’s second rock band named, Bad Boy Circle. Lee Soo-man had always had an interest in rock bands but his first one, Major, had not faired very well do to the censorship issue that led to the disbandment of the group. However, this did not deter Lee Soo-man and he began searching for new artists to form a new rock band. Bad Boys Circle would begin as a four-man group composed of lead guitarist Choi Il-kwon, Rhythm guitarist Song Un-seok, drummer Shin Tae-kwon, and bassist Yeo In-taek. This group would train for their debut throughout late 1997 and up until mid-1998. During this time rhythm guitarist Song Un-seok would leave the group due to personal reasons and Bad Boys Circle would continue as a three-man group. The group would make their debut on July 15th1998 with their debut album titled, B-BOYS’ C. The album’s title track, “Why Not”, was well received and the rock band showed the diversity of sound that existed at SM Entertainment. Choi Il-kwon and Shin Tae-kwon would participate in the production of a few songs on the album, notably, “1STClass Nortice” by Choi Il-kwon, and, “Happy Ending” by Shin Tae-kwon. “1STClass Notice” gained attention for slight critique of the mandatory military conscription in South Korea, mostly lamenting the loss of two years of one’s life. Sadly Bad Boys Circle would meet the same fate as Major and disband after their first album due to the departure of Choi Il-kwon and Shin Tae-kwon from SM Entertainment. Yeo In-taek would stay with SM Entertainment and become a session bassist.
Bad Boys Circle
Shinwa was the first SM group to release an album in 1999 and they finally found their footing receiving positive reviews with their second album titled T.O.P. (Twinkle of Paradise). The album sold 377,000 copies and the title song, “T.O.P” charted for 24 weeks. This album would finally see the rise of Shinwa and would allow them to finally step out of their labelmate H.O.T and chart their own path. H.O.T would begin the eyar with the release of a best of album titled, Greatest H.O.T Hit Song Collection Live, which highlighted the multiple hits that the group had released in their short career. Soon after this the group would release their fourth album titled I Yah!. This album was also a hit selling 1.3 million copies and the group saw further success by becoming the first K-pop group to perform at Seoul Olympic Stadium. This album also saw the members show their artistic talents even more as they participated in the creation of this album more than any of their previous releases. The title song, “I Yah” was made to commemorate the victims of the Serland Youth Training Center Fire in Hwaseong South Korea in June of 1999. This was an incident where a fire broke out at a youth center and killed several children and teachers. This album is often considered the height of H.O.T musically and is praised for the members participation. This year H.O.T would also begin their second Concert tour titled, H.O.T The 2NDConcert which lasted throughout January of 1999. S.E.S released their best-selling album in 1999 titled Love, the album selling 762,000 copies. This album saw the group leave behind their cutesy image and take on more of an edgy concept. This changed was received positively and the title song, “Love” became a hit. There was some controversy during this comeback due to the dyed hair of the members. The group was barred from appearing on SBS and KBS, regardless the song became a huge hit and won several music shows. S.E.S would also continue their push into Japan by releasing their first studio album in Japan titled, Reach Out. This album would do well debut 50thon Oricon’s weekly chart with 10,290 physical copies sold. In total it is thought that the album sold roughly 200,000 physical copies. Like S.E.S’s other Japanese releases, the album would also be released in Taiwan and do well ranking first for 11-weeks Taiwan’s music show, Hits Chart. In June of the same year S.E.S would release their third Japanese single, “Courage in the Name of Love”. The single would debut 60thon Oricon’s single chart selling 8,930 physical copies. It would also be released in Taiwan and rank fifth on Taiwan’s IFPI Single Chart. In October of S.E.S release their fourth Japanese, a remake of Shinwa’s T.O.P, though since it collided with S.E.S’s Korean release, the group did not promote the single. It did moderately well, debuting at 56 on Oricon’s weekly chart with a total of 4,840 physical sales. This single was also released in Taiwan where it did well, ranking 10thon Taiwan’s Hit Chart. S.E.S would close out the year in Japan with the release of their fifth Japanese single titled, Sign of Love. This song saw a noticeable decrease in sales for the group as the single debuted at 71 on Oricon’s weekly chart selling only 3,280 physical copies. Though the sales for the single did not match expectations, the single became known for its exciting dance routine. S.E.S would also release Japanese versions of “I Love You” from their second Korean album and “Love” from their third Korean album in late 1999. These songs would both be well received with their Japanese fans. During this time S.E.S would also hold several fan meets in Taiwan, highlighting their popularity in that country. Overall, S.E.S would be the first SM Entertainment group that would really be pushed in a market outside of Korea, with their constant activities in Japan and their Taiwanese releases. Thus, S.E.S would serve as a precursor to SM Entertainments ambitions within Asia and eventually their push into the rest of the world.
Shinwa: T.O.P (Be warned they say the N-word)
H.O.T: I YAH!
S.E.S: Love
This year also saw the debut of the duo group Fly to the Sky by SM Entertainment. The first member of the duo, Brian Joo, was unknowingly signed up by his friend and eventually scouted by Brothers Entertainment, an agency that looked for Korean-Americans interested in the Korea music scene. Brian was sent to SM and became a trainee there. Hwang Yoon-Seok was the last of the duo to join and was encouraged by a SM staff member that saw Yoon-Seok at Yoon-Seok’s school. The duo was formed in 1998 but did not make their debut album until December of 1999 with Day by Day. The duo differed from their label mates in that they stayed away from up-tempo songs and instead favored ballad songs. Their first album was an immediate success, selling 250,000 copies. The group would follow the trend fo SM groups and have an official color, Sky Blue, and a fandom name, Fly High. Ki Min-jong would continue his solo success with the release of his 5thalbum, Relation, in March of 1999. This album would showcase Min-jong’s versatility as it had pop rock, rock ballads and his signature ballad sound. The album would do commercially well selling 500,000 physical copies. By this time Kim Min-jong had really established himself as one of the premier solo artists in the Korean music industry.
Fly to the Sky
The year 1999 also saw the creation of SMTown and a collaboration album between SM artists known as Christmas in SMTown. With 1999 coming to an end Lee Soo-man could look back at the previous half decade with pride. He had created a completely new system and company from scratch and had formed two of the most popular groups in the entire Korean music industry. He had brought his company back from near bankruptcy and transformed the music industry of Korea. His first group H.O.T was the forefather of K-pop idol groups. But after conquering the Korean music industry Lee Soo-man looked around and realized that the Korean Music industry was small compared to the likes of Japan and America. He had already begun to take small steps into Japan with S.E.S but he felt that this wasn’t enough. The increased competition in the small Korean music scene and the tantalizing benefit of international success pushed Lee Soo-man to take the idol world to the next step, International Idols. To achieve this, he had the perfect weapon, a woman who would transform the K-pop music scene even further and become the first truly international K-pop Idol. That woman would debut in 2000 and her name was Kwon Bo-ah.
[1]Wendies7. “신화역대앨범및음반판매량” blog.naver.com. Last Modified: September 21st, 2012. Assessed: May 5, 2019. https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=taniwani666&logNo=50150736249&proxyReferer=https://www.google.com/.
[2]식물. “Re:Re:Re:민종님음반판매량좀알려주세요!!.”Cluster1.cafe.daum.net. Last modified: November 05, 2011. Assessed: March 24, 2019. http://cluster1.cafe.daum.net/_c21_...openArticle=true&docid=OpMl133320011105220303.
History of: SM Entertaiment (1989~1995)
So here I am back with another update. I got this one out quick because I was already almost done with it. The next one should take a bit longer. This covers up until 2000 and sees SM really hit their stride into the Idol scene. However as you will see this does not mean that SM only sticks to IDOL music as they debut several soloist and bands of varying genres.
Part 2: The SM Entertainment Empire Part 1, 1996-2000
With the founding of SM Entertainment and the creation of the in-house idol system Lee Soo-man began to look around for new talent and an audience for said talent. The clearest audience was teenagers and to find out exactly what this audience wanted, Lee Soo-man put out a survey to ask. The answer was simple, these teenagers, mostly girls, wanted boys that could sing, dance and at the same time be very good looking. With this, Soo-man set out looking for such young men to create a new group. This search was not only limited to Korea but extended to countries such as America and Japan. These new trainees would not only be trained in singing and dancing but also in how to appeal to the public with their personalities as well. These men would be takin into the SM system and trained how to be the perfect idols.
Lee Soo-man found his first successful candidate in Kangta or Ahn Chil-hyun. Kangta was found at the age of 13 by Lee Soo-man at Lotte World and thus was one of the first idols trained under the new system put in place by Lee Soo-man. He would begin his career with future group mate, Moon Hee-jun as back-up dancers for a recently signed SM artists known as Yoo Young-jin. Kangta and Moon Hee-jun would thus be the first members signed to SM Entertainment that would eventually be a part of the group known as H.O.T. The third member to join the group was the friend and singing partner of Moon Hee-jun named Lee Jae-won. The next member, Jang Woo-hyuk, caught the attention of Lee Soo-man after the former won first place at a dancing competition. Tony An was the last H.O.T member to join SM and was scouted by Lee Soo-man after auditioning for Lee in Los Angeles. Thus, all the members of the future group known as H.O.T were found and SM Entertainment would begin its road to success.
H.O.T
H.O.T (Highfive Of Teenagers) debuted in September of 1996 with their debut album, We Hate All Kinds of Violence, and the critique of bullying song “Descendants of Warriors,”. The song and album were an immediate hit selling over 1.5 million copies, 800,000 coming within 100 days of the album’s release. The group was a huge hit with teenage girls, which was SM’s and H.O.T’s targeted audience. The second promoted single on the album, “Candy”, cemented H.O.T’s massive popularity and would usher in a new era for SM Entertainment. While “Descendants of Warriors” was more a gangster rap song, “Candy” really highlighted the duality of the group as it had a more bubblegum pop sound. The groups fandom would be called Club H.O.T and their official color would be white. This was one of the first times a group would adopt fandoms names and official colors as a way to connect more with the fans and generate loyalty to the group. Another unique aspect of K-pop that H.O.T helped pioneer was the relegation of specific roles to each individual member. These roles would highlight their responsibilities in the group and become part of how they introduced themselves to the public. As the oldest Moon Hee-jun would become the leader of the group along with being the sub-vocal, rapper and lead dancer of the group. Jang Woo-hyuk would become the main dancer of the group as well as a rapper. Tony Ahn would become the a sub-vocal of the group as well as rapper. Gangta would serve as the main vocal of the group as well as the main visual. Finally, Jae-won would serve as the maknae, youngest member of the group, and rapper of the group. H.O.T further pioneered the individuality of each member by assigning each member a color and number from their second single “Candy”. Moon Hee-jun would be represented by the number 23 and the color yellow, Jang Woo-hyuk by the number 35 and the color blue, Tony Ahn by the number 07 and the color red, Gangta by the number 27 and the color green, and finally Jae-won by the number 48 and the color orange. By individualizing members in this way, SM Entertainment hoped that fans would choice one particular member to follow within the group and thus further cement their loyalty to the group as a whole. In these ways H.O.T really became the pioneer group for how all future K-pop groups would identify themselves both as a group and individually. The creation fandom name and color also would pioneer the attitude that would develop between fans and idols in K-pop.
H.O.T: We Hate All Kinds of Violence
H.O.T would be SM Entertainments first big hit and skyrocket the fortunes of the company, with H.O.T winning Best New Artist at the Golden Disc Awards. H.O.T is important to K-pop history as they were really the first group put through the SM Academy system of Idol creating and thus the true parent idols of all modern K-pop idols. It was with them that the relationship between Idols and their fans was developed, with the idols having an image of almost perfection. Their success was doubly important because it showed Lee Soo-man and other competitors that this system could be successful and thus huge profits could be made from such a system. Thus, the immediate success of H.O.T forever changed the direction of the Korean Music industry.
Outside of H.O.T’s debut, SM Entertainment also released a string of solo artists in 1996 that showed promise for the companies solo activities. Yun Sang would open the year for SM Entertainment by releasing a non-regular album titled, Renacimiento. This album would be composed of multiple reorganized songs that Yun had worked on before his mandatory military enlistment and a couple of guest vocals by artists from various countries. The album would be geared towards a foreign audience and feature a wide range of genres including synthpop, ballad and techno. Kim Min-jong would follow with the release of his third album after returning to the music scene in over two years after a plagiarism controversy. His third album would be titled, Precious Child, and release on August of 1996. This album would be a huge hit selling roughly 650,000 physical copies. The title track of the same name would be a signature Min-jong ballad and continue to highlight his vocal skills. SM Entertainment would debut another artist this year named Lee Jee-hoon. Lee Jee-hoon would debut in November of 1996 with his album, Rhythm Paradise. His singles, “Why the Sky” and “My Own Bride” topped the charts and gained Lee Jee-hoon immediate fame. SM Entertainment continued their new push to make each artist unique by giving Lee jee-hoon the official color of blue and naming his fandom Camiel. With two successful debuts in 1996, SM Entertainment was looking to be entering their golden years and they sought to continue such success by putting out another group, this time a girl group.
Yun Sang
Lee Jee-hoon
Following the success of H.O.T, Lee Soo-man began to develop a girl group using the same system he used to create H.O.T. The first member of the future group known as S.E.S to join SM Entertainment was Bada or Choi Sung-hee. Bada grew up being interested in the entertainment industry and was known throughout her school for having a beautiful voice. In her first year of college, Bada auditioned for Deokyun Industry which was home to famous singers like Kim Gun-mo, but she did not get in. However, Bada was discovered by Soo-man in 1996 when he saw her singing at her performing arts school. Lee was immediately intrigued by Bada’s voice, she sang Mariah Carey’s “Hero” and, after a quick audition where she sang Jang Hye-jin’s “Naegeul”, signed her to a recording contract. Bada would train at SM Entertainment for around a year and six months into that training period she would be notified that she was to be the main vocalist for SM Entertainment’s new girl group and that Lee Soo-man was looking for a sub-vocalist for the group. Eugene, also known as Kim Yoo-jin,was born in Seoul but emigrated to Guam sometime after the fifth grade. Eugene grew up in Guam idolizing Korean culture such as K-dramas and K-pop groups like Seo Taiji and Boys along with her future labelmates H.O.T.. In February of 1997, Eugene was spotted by a manager of H.O.T who was in Guam with the group and, due to her amazing visuals, was asked to help interpret for the group. Eugene was encouraged to send in a tape and audition for SM Entertainment. Eugene passed with flying colors, this was in large part due to her winning personality. It was with this personality, and SM’s extreme focus on personality, that SM Executives decided that she had what it took to be a star and signed her as well. Eugene would make the final move to South Korea in June of 1997 and immediately start training to debut in S.E.S. Shoo, also known as Yoo Soo-young, was born to Korean and Japanese parents in Japan and she would be the last member to sign with SM and the only member to go through an official audition process. After these three members were found they were quickly put through a training process that involved singing, dancing and interview lessons. Lee Soo-man originally wanted to debut a four-member girl group but Bada, Eugene, and Shoo had grown accustomed to each other and wanted to debut in a three-member group in the same vein of the American girl group TLC. Lee Soo-man was originally reluctant to listen to their desires but eventually gave in and debuted S.E.S as a trio.
S.E.S
S.E.S (Sea, Eugene, Shoo) debuted in 1997 with their album, I’m Your Girl, which showed off an innocent image of the three women. The introduction of their debut song also included a rap by future Shinwa members, Eric Mun and Andy Lee. S.E.S’s debut was met with immediate success and they soon became one of the top selling K-pop acts. This first album by S.E.S sold roughly 600,000 physical copies making S.E.S one of the best-selling Korean female groups in the history of Korea. The title track, “I’m Your Girl”, was a huge hit and it was quickly followed by “Oh My Love” which was not as upbeat a song as “I’m Your Girl” and the girls were dressed in simple fashion such as white shirts. Like H.O.T and Lee Jee-hoon, S.E.S would also be given a color that would represent them and which would allow their fans to designate themselves as fans of S.E.S. Thus, purple became the official color of S.E.S and their fandom name was Friends. During this time H.O.T also released their second album, Wolf and Sheep, which saw even greater success than their first album, selling 1 million copies in ten days. During this era H.O.T received several plagiarism controversies due to their song “Happiness” and its similarity to a song called “A Lover’s Concerto” by Sarah Vaughan. H.O.T’s “We Are the Future” also had a plagiarism controversy but despite this the groups comeback did fantastic and placed first on several award shows. By this time H.O.T was a cultural phenomenon in Korea and their success furthered the rise of what would become known as fan culture. The fandom of H.O.T was called White Angel, their paid fandom was called Club H.O.T, and fans showed support for the group by holding white balloons.
S.E.S: I'm Your Girl
H.O.T: Wolf and Sheep
In this year besides S.E.S and H.O.T, Kim Min-jong released a best album titled Dream Comes True (Live Best). Though not a regular album, this album really showed the skill of Min-jong. Lee Jee Hoon released his second album in October of 1997 titled, Love and Forever. The title track of the album was a ballad titled, “Parting” and it would show its popularity by becoming the fourth ranked song in the country for K-pop. The 1997 Asian financial crisis hit the Korean music industry and would damage the music distribution market and groups would see an overall lowering of their album sales. This financial crisis and the popularization of IDOL groups began the push of K-pop into foreign markets like Japan and China.
The beginning of 1998 saw the continued success of SM groups H.O.T and S.E.S along with the arrival of a new SM group known as Shinwa. The success of Lee Soo-man’s last two groups, produced by the idol system, encouraged him to put out another group in a race with his competitors Daesung Enterprise (DSP Media) with Sechskies and FIN.K.L and DR Music with Baby V.O.X. Thus, Shinwa was created, Shinwa being the Korean word for myth or legend. The group began to be formed when Andy Lee, who was raised in America but finished his schooling in Seoul, was signed into SM Entertainment at the end of 1996. Andy was originally supposed to debut in H.O.T with his friend Tony An but his parents did not allow it. He would stay with SM however and feature in S.E.S’s debut album. Shin Hye-sung auditioned through Brothers Entertainment and was accepted by SM Entertainment and immediately placed in the lineup to debut as Shinwa. Eric Mun moved from America to Korea to become a trainee at SM Entertainment. Both Eric and Shin Hye-sung would join SM Entertainment in early 1997. Lee Min-woo was scouted after SM scouts saw him perform with his dance group, Dicky Ducky, as a student at Jeonju Fine Arts School; he was signed in the first half of 1997. The final two members to join, Jun Jin and Kim Dong-wan both went through the SM audition process and were soon after placed in Shinwa. Jun Jin was a notable dancer, being part of a dance group with actor Choi Philip, and would pass the audition process in the second half of 1997. Kim Dong-wan completed the formation of Shinwa when he was picked up by SM Entertainment after the closing of his previous company, World Music Entertainment. Kim Dong-wan was a known rock band vocalist and initially refused SM’s offer to debut as an idol but changed his mind when he met with the others members of Shinwa.
Shinwa
Shinwa debuted in May of 1998 with their debut album, Resolver, which was met with a lackluster chart performance and a critique by the public of being a carbon copy of their label mates H.O.T. Their title track, “Eusha! Eusha!” also caused controversy as it was a beach themed song that came out around the time of the 1998 Sokcho submarine incident. The incident occurred in June of 1998 when a North Korean submarine became entangled in a fishing net near the town of Sokcho, South Korea. A local fisherman notified the South Korean Navy which immediately towed the submarine to the nearest port, Donghae. However, all nine crewmen of the submarine died, five from murder and four from suicide. The lackluster performance and the submarine controversy almost caused the group to disband. The IMF crisis also limited the chances of a successful debut for the group. Overall the debut of Shinwa was a significant downturn in the fortunes of SM Entertainment groups after the immediate success of their previous two groups. Total sales for the groups debut would be roughly 30,000 to 50,000 physical units.[1] Shinwa would also follow the SM model and have an official color, Orange, and a fandom name, Shinwa Changjo. In this same year H.O.T continued their success with the release of their third album, Resurrection, which sold 1.1 million by the next year. This album was also special as it was the first album of H.O.T that contained songs that had contributions from H.O.T members; in total each member would participate in the creation of some nine songs. These songs were criticized as simple but it truly showed the growth as artists of the H.O.T members. This comeback wasn’t free of controversy as their song, “Line Up” produced by Yoo Young-jin was accused of plagiarizing “Killing in The Name” by Lazy August the Machine. The song “Hope” by Kangta was also involved in controversy but this was determined to be more sampling than a copying issue. Hope would become one of H.O.T’s premier songs and serve as an important song in the aftermath of the IMF crisis. H.O.T would also hold their first concert this year throughout the month of January. S.E.S also continued their success with their second album, Sea & Eugene & Shoo, which garnered attention not so much for its different style, as it continued their innocent concept, but because of the space look of the music video. The album would do commercially well selling 651,330 physical copies. SM also tried to break into the Japanese market with S.E.S with their debut single “The World I Met By Chance” in October of 1998. The group would begin their career in Japan by holding a concert in August of 1998 named S.E.S First Live in Tokyo. The concert would be a success with an attendance of 1,000. This single placed 37th on Oricon’s weekly chart with a total of 13,780 physical units sold. This was the highest rank ever achieved for a Korean act for idol groups. While pre-orders were said to be around 1 million, the total number of actual sales in estimated to be around 100,000. S.E.S would follow this up with the release of a Japanese remix of their debut title song, “I’m Your Girl”, in December of 1998. This album would sell roughly 3,090 physical units in its first week. This was quickly followed by the release of their second Japanese single album titled, Dreamily, in late December of 1998. This single place 83rd on Oricon’s weekly chart with 2,470 physical units sold. While the group had experienced a noticeably decline between singles, this was a decent start in their Japanese careers and S.E.S would be one of SM Entertainments pioneers into a foreign market.
Shinwa: Resolver
H.O.T: Ressurection
S.E.S: Sea & Eugene & Shoo
Yoon Sang also released an EP this year titled, “Insensible”. This album showed Yoon Sang’s signature synth pop style and this release would be considered one of his best during his time at SM Entertainment. Yoon Sang and SM Entertainment had a good deal where instead of years their contract would be based off albums. Thus, Yoon Sang would produce 4-5 full length albums and a project album with SM Entertainment and his contract would end. This was a great deal for both sides as Yoon Sang got the resources of SM Entertainment and SM Entertainment got to use Yoon Sang’s music and production. Kim Min-jong would release his fourth album titled, Child, in May of 1998. The two prominent singles off this track, “But You are My Eternal Love,” and “Good Love” would continue to highlight Min-jong’s strength of Ballad songs. This album would continue his major success physically as the album sold 550,000 units.[2]Lee Jee-hoon would release his third album titled, Man, in June of 1998. The title song of the album, “Goodbye love” would be Lee Jee-hoon’s signature ballad song and would continue to see his popularity increase. This year would also see the debut of SM’s second rock band named, Bad Boy Circle. Lee Soo-man had always had an interest in rock bands but his first one, Major, had not faired very well do to the censorship issue that led to the disbandment of the group. However, this did not deter Lee Soo-man and he began searching for new artists to form a new rock band. Bad Boys Circle would begin as a four-man group composed of lead guitarist Choi Il-kwon, Rhythm guitarist Song Un-seok, drummer Shin Tae-kwon, and bassist Yeo In-taek. This group would train for their debut throughout late 1997 and up until mid-1998. During this time rhythm guitarist Song Un-seok would leave the group due to personal reasons and Bad Boys Circle would continue as a three-man group. The group would make their debut on July 15th1998 with their debut album titled, B-BOYS’ C. The album’s title track, “Why Not”, was well received and the rock band showed the diversity of sound that existed at SM Entertainment. Choi Il-kwon and Shin Tae-kwon would participate in the production of a few songs on the album, notably, “1STClass Nortice” by Choi Il-kwon, and, “Happy Ending” by Shin Tae-kwon. “1STClass Notice” gained attention for slight critique of the mandatory military conscription in South Korea, mostly lamenting the loss of two years of one’s life. Sadly Bad Boys Circle would meet the same fate as Major and disband after their first album due to the departure of Choi Il-kwon and Shin Tae-kwon from SM Entertainment. Yeo In-taek would stay with SM Entertainment and become a session bassist.
Bad Boys Circle
Shinwa was the first SM group to release an album in 1999 and they finally found their footing receiving positive reviews with their second album titled T.O.P. (Twinkle of Paradise). The album sold 377,000 copies and the title song, “T.O.P” charted for 24 weeks. This album would finally see the rise of Shinwa and would allow them to finally step out of their labelmate H.O.T and chart their own path. H.O.T would begin the eyar with the release of a best of album titled, Greatest H.O.T Hit Song Collection Live, which highlighted the multiple hits that the group had released in their short career. Soon after this the group would release their fourth album titled I Yah!. This album was also a hit selling 1.3 million copies and the group saw further success by becoming the first K-pop group to perform at Seoul Olympic Stadium. This album also saw the members show their artistic talents even more as they participated in the creation of this album more than any of their previous releases. The title song, “I Yah” was made to commemorate the victims of the Serland Youth Training Center Fire in Hwaseong South Korea in June of 1999. This was an incident where a fire broke out at a youth center and killed several children and teachers. This album is often considered the height of H.O.T musically and is praised for the members participation. This year H.O.T would also begin their second Concert tour titled, H.O.T The 2NDConcert which lasted throughout January of 1999. S.E.S released their best-selling album in 1999 titled Love, the album selling 762,000 copies. This album saw the group leave behind their cutesy image and take on more of an edgy concept. This changed was received positively and the title song, “Love” became a hit. There was some controversy during this comeback due to the dyed hair of the members. The group was barred from appearing on SBS and KBS, regardless the song became a huge hit and won several music shows. S.E.S would also continue their push into Japan by releasing their first studio album in Japan titled, Reach Out. This album would do well debut 50thon Oricon’s weekly chart with 10,290 physical copies sold. In total it is thought that the album sold roughly 200,000 physical copies. Like S.E.S’s other Japanese releases, the album would also be released in Taiwan and do well ranking first for 11-weeks Taiwan’s music show, Hits Chart. In June of the same year S.E.S would release their third Japanese single, “Courage in the Name of Love”. The single would debut 60thon Oricon’s single chart selling 8,930 physical copies. It would also be released in Taiwan and rank fifth on Taiwan’s IFPI Single Chart. In October of S.E.S release their fourth Japanese, a remake of Shinwa’s T.O.P, though since it collided with S.E.S’s Korean release, the group did not promote the single. It did moderately well, debuting at 56 on Oricon’s weekly chart with a total of 4,840 physical sales. This single was also released in Taiwan where it did well, ranking 10thon Taiwan’s Hit Chart. S.E.S would close out the year in Japan with the release of their fifth Japanese single titled, Sign of Love. This song saw a noticeable decrease in sales for the group as the single debuted at 71 on Oricon’s weekly chart selling only 3,280 physical copies. Though the sales for the single did not match expectations, the single became known for its exciting dance routine. S.E.S would also release Japanese versions of “I Love You” from their second Korean album and “Love” from their third Korean album in late 1999. These songs would both be well received with their Japanese fans. During this time S.E.S would also hold several fan meets in Taiwan, highlighting their popularity in that country. Overall, S.E.S would be the first SM Entertainment group that would really be pushed in a market outside of Korea, with their constant activities in Japan and their Taiwanese releases. Thus, S.E.S would serve as a precursor to SM Entertainments ambitions within Asia and eventually their push into the rest of the world.
Shinwa: T.O.P (Be warned they say the N-word)
H.O.T: I YAH!
S.E.S: Love
This year also saw the debut of the duo group Fly to the Sky by SM Entertainment. The first member of the duo, Brian Joo, was unknowingly signed up by his friend and eventually scouted by Brothers Entertainment, an agency that looked for Korean-Americans interested in the Korea music scene. Brian was sent to SM and became a trainee there. Hwang Yoon-Seok was the last of the duo to join and was encouraged by a SM staff member that saw Yoon-Seok at Yoon-Seok’s school. The duo was formed in 1998 but did not make their debut album until December of 1999 with Day by Day. The duo differed from their label mates in that they stayed away from up-tempo songs and instead favored ballad songs. Their first album was an immediate success, selling 250,000 copies. The group would follow the trend fo SM groups and have an official color, Sky Blue, and a fandom name, Fly High. Ki Min-jong would continue his solo success with the release of his 5thalbum, Relation, in March of 1999. This album would showcase Min-jong’s versatility as it had pop rock, rock ballads and his signature ballad sound. The album would do commercially well selling 500,000 physical copies. By this time Kim Min-jong had really established himself as one of the premier solo artists in the Korean music industry.
Fly to the Sky
The year 1999 also saw the creation of SMTown and a collaboration album between SM artists known as Christmas in SMTown. With 1999 coming to an end Lee Soo-man could look back at the previous half decade with pride. He had created a completely new system and company from scratch and had formed two of the most popular groups in the entire Korean music industry. He had brought his company back from near bankruptcy and transformed the music industry of Korea. His first group H.O.T was the forefather of K-pop idol groups. But after conquering the Korean music industry Lee Soo-man looked around and realized that the Korean Music industry was small compared to the likes of Japan and America. He had already begun to take small steps into Japan with S.E.S but he felt that this wasn’t enough. The increased competition in the small Korean music scene and the tantalizing benefit of international success pushed Lee Soo-man to take the idol world to the next step, International Idols. To achieve this, he had the perfect weapon, a woman who would transform the K-pop music scene even further and become the first truly international K-pop Idol. That woman would debut in 2000 and her name was Kwon Bo-ah.
[1]Wendies7. “신화역대앨범및음반판매량” blog.naver.com. Last Modified: September 21st, 2012. Assessed: May 5, 2019. https://m.blog.naver.com/PostView.nhn?blogId=taniwani666&logNo=50150736249&proxyReferer=https://www.google.com/.
[2]식물. “Re:Re:Re:민종님음반판매량좀알려주세요!!.”Cluster1.cafe.daum.net. Last modified: November 05, 2011. Assessed: March 24, 2019. http://cluster1.cafe.daum.net/_c21_...openArticle=true&docid=OpMl133320011105220303.
This is a cool, well researched series
I'd like to see you cover more controversial topics like the dark side of the industry
I'd like to see you cover more controversial topics like the dark side of the industry
I might make a separate one going into the scandals of SM during this time as well. I talked a little about the drug scandal of SM in my first post but I didnt really go into it plus there is other scandals during this time.This is a cool, well researched series
I'd like to see you cover more controversial topics like the dark side of the industry
G
Galaxy
GuestI'm going to read this now, and given how I enjoyed the first one, I already know it'll be the same here. Thank you very much for this series, I'll anticipate the next part!
I'm going to read this now, and given how I enjoyed the first one, I already know it'll be the same here. Thank you very much for this series, I'll anticipate the next part!
thank you. The next part should cover roughly 2000~2003. This is a particularly rough time in SM history and most of their first gen groups leave during this period.
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Holy cow this is amazing! Thank you so much for doing this op! Anticpating the next chapters!
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dang- where are u getting all this info ! it's actually really interesting though
Holy cow this is amazing! Thank you so much for doing this op! Anticpating the next chapters!
Thank you. I already have SM done up until 2007 I am just editing it and adding more info. I also have completed the histories of how Super Junior and Girls Generation were formed but I am waiting until I get there in the main story line to release them. I also have DSP Media done up until KARA's debut and JYP until Wonder Girl's debut but I am going to wait to release those until I am done with SM. SM Entertainment is a beast to work with and so far I have about 44 pages of history for just SM and I am only up to 2007 so I predict SM alone with be roughly 70~80 pages of history. JYP and DSP Media are alot easier because they have less artists.
dang- where are u getting all this info ! it's actually really interesting though
a lot comes from Korean sources. I am going to eventually come back and fully site the info but ti is just so much. But also there is a lot of English sources on this topic.
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Loving this. You should write a genuine book about this.
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ah ! i see nice !a lot comes from Korean sources. I am going to eventually come back and fully site the info but ti is just so much. But also there is a lot of English sources on this topic.
44 pages! How long have you been doing this?Thank you. I already have SM done up until 2007 I am just editing it and adding more info. I also have completed the histories of how Super Junior and Girls Generation were formed but I am waiting until I get there in the main story line to release them. I also have DSP Media done up until KARA's debut and JYP until Wonder Girl's debut but I am going to wait to release those until I am done with SM. SM Entertainment is a beast to work with and so far I have about 44 pages of history for just SM and I am only up to 2007 so I predict SM alone with be roughly 70~80 pages of history. JYP and DSP Media are alot easier because they have less artists.
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This is a very nice writeup! It even has info a lot of SM artists that i didn't even know existed during the 90s.
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Your doing DSP Media!???!!!? Yas! I cant wait!!! It so hard for me to find complete info on that companyThank you. I already have SM done up until 2007 I am just editing it and adding more info. I also have completed the histories of how Super Junior and Girls Generation were formed but I am waiting until I get there in the main story line to release them. I also have DSP Media done up until KARA's debut and JYP until Wonder Girl's debut but I am going to wait to release those until I am done with SM. SM Entertainment is a beast to work with and so far I have about 44 pages of history for just SM and I am only up to 2007 so I predict SM alone with be roughly 70~80 pages of history. JYP and DSP Media are alot easier because they have less artists.
44 pages! How long have you been doing this?
since last year but I take breaks every so often
jenknee
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Amazing. Very excited to see the chapters that cover SNSD's era and SM's influence during the 2nd Gen expansion.
DramaDramaDrama
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This thread is gold
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